
Horace Pippin, Mr. Prejudice, 1943. Oil on canvas, 18 x 14″ (Image courtesy of The Philadelphia Museum of Art. Gift of Dr. and Mrs. Matthew Moore)
Last summer I was strolling through the galleries of the new Barnes Foundation in Philadelphia, surrounded by the exquisite paintings of Matisse, Modigliani, Cézanne, when a small painting of Abraham Lincoln and his father building a log cabin caught my eye. A wrinkled woman with fiery hair and dangling diamond earrings froze beside me, also awestruck. “Look at that one,” she said to a friend, staring up at the wall. “How beautiful. Who on earth painted it?”
The Barnes has one of the finest collections of French Impressionist and modern art in the world, and because of Alfred Barnes’s eccentric wall arrangements, holding a viewer’s attention is no small matter in a museum vibrating with Matisse’s raw colors and bulging with far too many plump, Renoir nudes.
That day in Philadelphia I opened my notebook and wrote the following:
“HORACE PIPPIN!”
And just so I wouldn’t forget, I underlined Pippin’s name three times. And then I starred it for good measure.

Horace Pippin, Abraham Lincoln and His Father Building Their Cabin on Pigeon Creek, c. 1934. Oil on fabric (later mounted to composition board) 16 1/4 x 20 1/4 in. (41.3 x 51.4 cm)
(Image © 2013 The Barnes Foundation)

Horace Pippin, Self-Portrait, 1941. Oil on canvas board, 20 x 17 x 2 1/2 inches (50.8 x 43.18 x 6.35 cm) (Image courtesy the Albright-Knox Art Gallery, Buffalo, New York)
A descendent of slaves, Horace Pippin’s biography is a compelling one. Here is an excerpt from his Wikipedia entry:
He was born in West Chester, Pennsylvania, and grew up in Goshen, New York. There he attended segregated schools until he was 15, when he went to work to support his ailing mother. As a boy, Horace responded to an art supply company’s advertising contest and won his first set of crayons and a box of watercolors. As a youngster, Pippin made drawings of racehorses and jockeys from Goshen’s celebrated racetrack. Prior to 1917, Pippin variously toiled in a coal yard, in an iron foundry, as a hotel porter and as a used-clothing peddler.
Pippin enlisted in the army in 1917 and fought in the famous, all-black 369th Infantry regiment in France during World War I. Less than a month before the war ended, he was shot in the right shoulder.
“When I was a boy I loved to make pictures,” he once wrote, but war “brought out all the art in me. . . . I can never forget suffering and I will never forget sunsets. So I came home with all of it in my mind and I paint from it today.”
While in the trenches, Pippin kept illustrated journals of his military service. Six drawings survive, and I was excited when I stumbled on these journals and letters online at the Smithsonian Archives of American Art…
(NOTE: Click images to enlarge)

A page from Horace Pippin’s memoir recounting his experiences in World War I, ca 1921. (From the collection of Horace Pippin notebooks and letters in the Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution)

A page from Horace Pippin’s memoir recounting his experiences in World War I, ca 1921. (From the collection of Horace Pippin notebooks and letters in the Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution)

A page from Horace Pippin’s memoir recounting his experiences in World War I, ca 1921. (From the collection of Horace Pippin notebooks and letters in the Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution)

Horace Pippin’s first painting, The End of the War: Starting Home, 1930-33 Oil on canvas, 26 x 30 1/16 in. (66 x 76.4 cm) (Image courtesy The Philadelphia Museum of Art. Gift of Robert Carlen)
One website on Pennsylvania history describes the evolution of Pippin’s brief career:
After the war, the handicapped Pippin devised a way of supporting his right hand with his left. Using a hot poker to burn in the outlines of his figures and objects onto wood (a technique called pyrography) and then filling them in, he was able to resume painting by the mid-1920s. He then began using oil paints. Local exhibitions and collectors brought him to the attention of Alain Locke, an important black philosopher and critic, the painter N.C. Wyeth,… and Dr. Albert F. Barnes, whose private museum in Merion houses one of the world’s most important collections of French impressionist and modern art.
Words like “toiled” appear frequently in Pippin’s biographies and give some hint at the reverential tone that has been used to describe the artist over the decades. His personal story is so riveting that Melissa Sweet and Jen Bryant have just written a new children’s book about the artist called A Splash of Red.
Although everyone from wealthy collectors, museums, and Hollywood stars bought his work, Pippin’s rapid rise in the art world had its downside: Pippin’s wife suffered from mental illness and he began to drink heavily. By the time of Pippin death in 1946 at the age of 58, he had completed 140-odd paintings, drawings and wood panels. In his obituary in the New York Times they called him the “most important Negro painter” to have appeared in America.

Joseph Janney Steinmetz, Untitled (Horace Pippin pointing to his painting of a log cabin), 1940. (Photo courtesy Harvard Art Museums/Fogg Museum)

Horace Pippin, Domino Players, 1943. Oil on composition board, 2 3/4 x 22 in. (Image courtesy the Phillips Collection)

Horace Pippin, Country Doctor (Night Call), 1935. Oil on canvas, 28 1/8 x 32 1/8″ (71.44 x 81.6 cm) (Image courtesy of the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. From the A. Shuman Collection)
Pippin’s legacy has been somewhat muddled by critics’ failed attempts to categorize him. His inspiring life-story has prompted some historians to portray him as an “art genius” in the best of cases, and as a sort of “noble savage” of the art world in the worst.




































































































































































